Current Issue : October-December Volume : 2024 Issue Number : 4 Articles : 5 Articles
Under the background of globalization, international trade is taking an important part in the development of the world economy. English communication ability has become as crucial as major related qualities for international business salesmen whose native language is not English. International salesman should have the ability of English communicating skills. Business English is a sub-branch of ESP which has been widely studied. While, as far as the researcher knows, the sub-branch of business English, international trade English is seldom studied. International trade English is a micro part of business English, which should be studied specifically. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the English language needs of international trade salesman in mainland China. Needs analysis through survey questionnaire was done to the international salesman in China. There were totally 114 international trade salesmen participated in the survey. This research investigated English language needs of the international trade salesmen from two aspects, the present language ability of the international trade salesman and the language difficulties they encountered in their daily work. Quantitative data were analyzed using percentage. It was found that the English language proficiency of the international trade salesmen is not enough to do their work well. This paper provides real-time language needs of the international trade salesman, which could offer authentic material to the syllabus design....
This paper examines the impact of access to finance on intra-Africa trade efficiency using a panel dataset comprising 44 African exporters. Between 2008 and 2021, a stochastic frontier version of the gravity model finds intra-Africa trade to have been lower than its full potential by $1.1 billion on average. Exporters with better access to finance such as South Africa, Morrocco and Mauritius operated closer to their full potential. The effect of access to finance on intra-Africa trade is found to have been stronger between distant trading partners. This suggests that access to finance largely promotes intra-Africa trade through financing transportation and logistics. In view of these results, the analysis recommends policy efforts to improve access to finance in order to maximize trade between African countries....
We explore the relationship between the returns of 45 dry bulk shipping company stock prices and the main 15 commodities that bulk carriers transport. Using a principal component analysis to reduce the dimensionality of the commodities dataset and a panel methodology, we find that a change in the commodity price principal component would result in a 0.6% change in the returns of the shipping stock prices. Minerals appear to have a stronger impact, as a 1% change in the minerals principal component results in a 1.1% change in the returns. This is mainly due to the fact that minerals account for larger trade volumes in the dry bulk market and they employ mostly bigger vessels, while the price of Brent oil is also an important factor affecting shipping stock prices....
This paper explores the intricate relationship between international trade and the achievement of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 14 (Life Below Water), focusing on the potential of trade to contribute positively to marine conservation and sustainable use of ocean resources. By examining the intersection of economic, social, and environmental dimensions, the study delves into how trade policies and practices can be aligned with environmental objectives, particularly concerning marine ecosystems. A principal challenge identified is the tension between economic growth driven by international trade and the sustainability of marine ecosystems, exacerbated by practices such as overfishing and pollution from maritime transport. Another significant challenge is the lack of robust enforcement mechanisms for existing environmental provisions in trade agreements. To address these challenges, the paper recommends the integration of stringent and enforceable environmental clauses in trade agreements, coupled with the promotion of sustainable trade practices through international cooperation and capacity building. Furthermore, the study suggests the adoption of innovative trade mechanisms, such as eco-certification and the implementation of Marine Protected Areas (MPAs), to enhance the protection of marine life, support sustainable fisheries, and reduce ocean pollution. The paper concludes with specific policy recommendations for leveraging international trade as a tool for the sustainable management of marine resources, ultimately contributing to the broader agenda of sustainable development....
Economic growth and human development have been one of the top goals of every forward-looking country; hence there is a constant need to analyze the important factors driving its growth or decline. This study explores the impact of foreign aid and foreign direct investment (FDI) on the human capital development mirrored by human development index (HDI) in Nigeria from 1990-2018 using World Bank indicators. Johansen cointegration test results show a long-term relationship between foreign aid, FDI and human development index. Regression results show a positive relationship between foreign aid and HDI but a negative relationship between FDI and HDI....
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