Current Issue : January-March Volume : 2025 Issue Number : 1 Articles : 5 Articles
An international rules system on digital trade that can satisfy multilateral interest appeal has not been formed yet despite the rapid growth of digital services trade. Using the panel data of 39 countries from 2010 to 2019, this study applied the stochastic frontier gravity model to analyze the influence of five types of barriers to digital services trade on the export efficiency of digital services. The research results show that infrastructure and connectivity barriers had no significant effect on the export efficiency of digital services. The barriers to electronic transactions and other barriers that affected the trade of digital services were conducive to improving the export efficiency of digital services. In contrast, the barriers to payment systems and intellectual property rights had a restraining effect on the export efficiency of digital services. The results also show that most countries were more efficient when exporting digital services to their major trade partner countries, which indicates a demand-driven characteristic. Based on these conclusions, we propose five recommendations that are helpful to enhance the export efficiency of digital services....
The resilience of economic and social systems to shocks is one of the fundamental goals of sustainable development. One such event that seriously disrupted the global economy was the COVID-19 pandemic. It posed a direct threat to people’s health and lives and also caused an economic crisis. One of the effects of the crisis was the loss of stability in agricultural production with the resulting threat to food security. The foreign trade channel played a vital role in the mechanism of pandemic transmission to the agricultural sector in the world and Poland. This article aims to assess the significance of changes in international trade in agri-food commodities conducted by Polish entities during the COVID-19 pandemic. The research period covers the years 2017–2021, focusing on the years 2020–2021, the period of the COVID-19 pandemic. Such a research period allows comparative analyses during the pandemic and pre-pandemic periods. The following research methods are used in this study: a critical analysis of the literature, the descriptive approach, the comparative method, and verbal logic and descriptive statistical methods. The data used in this article come from the Central Statistical Office (CSO) and cover Poland’s foreign trade turnover according to the International Standard Trade Classification (SITC) used by the United Nations Statistics Department. The COVID-19 pandemic period did not cause a drastic collapse in Polish foreign trade. Short-lived blockages in the flow of goods, which appeared in Q2 2020, resulted in a 14% drop in the value of Polish exports. Already in Q3 2020, foreign trade turnover returned to pre-pandemic levels. In Q2 2020, the value of the exports of agri-food goods decreased by only 3%. For other commodity groups, the export values were 7–40% lower. Agri-food trade proved more resilient to pandemic shocks than trade in non-agricultural sectors. The foreign trade crisis affected the imports of goods more than exports....
The agroindustry in the department of Cajamarca is one of the vitally important economic activities, with the coffee sector being the fastest growing because one of the best coffees is produced, originating the commercialization of this product in national and international markets, generating thousands of jobs, from its cultivation, processing and valorization. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine the relationship between productivity and export in the INTEGRA COFFEE agroindustry of Jaén, in the department of Cajamarca in 2022, carrying out basic research with a quantitative approach, a cross-sectional experimental design contextualized within the descriptive-correlational type. This study consisted of 162 collaborators, although for convenience a sample of 20 workers was taken. The technique used was the survey and a 52-question questionnaire was used as an instrument with a reliability according to Cronbach's Alpha of 0.935 and a validation by expert judgment. Obtaining as a result that there is a perfect positive correlation between the productivity and export variables in the INTEGRA COFFEE company, the result was validated by performing the Rho Spearman test obtaining a coefficient of 0.905 and presenting a significance level of less than 0.05, that is, when productivity is properly managed, efficient exports will be received. Finally, we conclude that there is a relationship between the productivity and export variables in the INTEGRA CAFÉ agroindustry of Jaén, in the department of Cajamarca in the year 2022....
Agricultural trade is the foundation of world trade and an important link in economic and trade relations between countries or regions. Exploring the competitiveness and complementarity of the agricultural trade between China and the Association of Southeast Asian Nations, or ASEAN, could provide a theoretical basis for tapping the growth potential of the agricultural trade between China and ASEAN and expanding the trade relationship. According to the theory of comparative advantage, trade complementarity theory, and intra‑industry trade theory, and based on UN Comtrade data from 2013 to 2022, this study uses the Regional Revealed Comparative Advantage Index, the Trade Complementarity Index, and the Intra‑Industry Trade Index to measure the competitiveness, complementarity, and intra‑industry trade level of China–ASEAN agricultural trade, including HS01‑24 commodities. The results show that the agricultural trade between China and ASEAN is both competitive and complementary. The competitiveness of China’s agricultural exports to ASEAN is greater than that of ASEAN’s agricultural exports to China, and the complementarity of the former is less than that of the latter. Both sides have their own comparative advantage products, and there is also a strong competitive relationship in some agricultural product fields. The bilateral agricultural trade is mainly intra‑industry trade, and the level is relatively high, while some strongly competitive agricultural products urgently need to transform from inter‑industry to intraindustry trade. China and ASEAN should participate in bilateral trade based on the comparative advantages of their own agricultural products; ASEAN should improve the quality of agricultural products to enhance international competitiveness; China should tap into the market demand for ASEAN agricultural products to enhance the complementarity of its agricultural exports to ASEAN; and the two sides should formulate different policies for different types of agricultural products....
The aim of this study is to examine the impact of developments in the insurance sector on economic growth. This study examines an annual dataset spanning 1992 to 2022 from ten countries within the G-20 economies, for which data is reliably accessible. The analysis employs panel cointegration and panel causality tests to explore the underlying relationships. The results show that the activities of the overall insurance sector have a positive effect on economic development, while nonlife insurance activities, as a sub-component of the insurance sector, also demonstrate a similar impact. Furthermore, findings indicate the existence of a bidirectional causality relationship between economic development and non-life insurance premiums. This study provides various recommendations to policymakers in the process of developing policies on the growth of national economies....
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